Ben Franklin and His Character Poor Richard free essay sample

Ben Franklin and his character Poor Richard contrast extraordinarily from Rip Van Winkle. For instance,Rip was prepared Rip was prepared to take care of nobodys business however his own; yet as to carrying out family responsibility, and maintaining his ranch In control It was Impossible. pig 457. I picked this section since Ben Franklin has consistently taken his hard of aspiration to the following level. Len differentiate, Rip has demonstrated to be languid and furthermore gives more consideration to others Jobs than he does to his own.RL shows absence of Interest to his family obligation and he as demonstrated not to mind as much like he ought to on the grounds that family starts things out at all issues. Tear Van wrinkle essentially needs to meander around to appreciate opportunity and unwinding. Thus, of RIP having consistently to do errands of others, Rips home never gets fixed and ranch consistently remains the equivalent. Then again, Benjamin Franklin was self - instructed through everything that he at any point achieved. He has consistently been family fellow and a diligent employee. Additionally, he has consistently moved himself to Improve.Benjamin Franklin has an excess of pride to be stressed over different people groups business however his own. Franklin was too bustling tit own undertakings to fret about others. Franklin,however, did gained from FIFO minds just as apathetic bodies obliges the section since it accentuation that Franklin burned through no time in his life and gave significance in his work. Len differentiate, Rip was Just the inverse languid and useless. Times deteriorated and more regrettable with Rip Van Winkle as long stretches of marriage moved on; a tart temper never progresses with age, and a harsh tone is the main edged device that becomes quicker with consistent use pig. 58. Presently, I picked this section since it favors Rip Van Winkle. Tear character is delegated an exceptionally lethargic man. The vast majority smooth with age, as their get more established there are such a significant number of changes throughout their life. With respect to Rip, he doesnt improve himself as an individual. It was notable that marriage was a weight to Rip on the grounds that from his perspective Rip spouse having annoy a large portion of the occasions made his life terrible. Likewise, he isn't a man that utilizes the correct selection of words when goes to his wife.In differentiate, Franklin would consistently work on learning new things in life as a reception to new changes. He was a decent man to other people and his family. I picked this adage Do it today since it doesnt take tomorrow to roll out an improvement in your life, when you are discernable of making it happened today. Tear Van Winkle, in any case, was one of those glad humans of absurd, very much oiled manners, who take the world simple, eat white bread or earthy colored, whichever can be got with feast thought or inconvenience and would prefer to starve on a penny than work for a pound. pig. 457 Finally, I picked this entry since I think buckling down abides after procuring something that is well merit. Ben Franklin has consistently remains steadfast behind his words since he is viewed as a persevering, energetic man. He would prefer to make a solid effort to acquire his needs than to let neediness surpasses him. In any case, Rip van winkle daintily of Just letting days as a result of his tarrying. Likewise, He would take the necessary steps to keep away from work. Tear van wrinkle build up a demeanor of lingers and thoughtless. In the section, the creator was cited as saying, better to save up for a rainy day since it identify with Franklin in methods of buckling down is to accomplish and to achieved an objective. Question 2: Furthermore, Jonathan Edwards was notable to be probably the best evangelist and scholars in history . Jonathan perspectives on God were persuasive and solid. He needed to become familiar with God and his awesome manifestations. Jonathan finds that God was not, at this point a puzzle; its notable that he has power over nature and has the will to pick between great or evil.Edwards truly remains steadfast behind his conviction of God of on the grounds that he additionally lectures and implores periodically. Edwards finds that genuine religion was not a matter of essentially tolerating specific teachings but rather an encounter of God which finishes the ownership of a person. Edward feels that numerous individuals doesnt following the significance of genuine religion in light of the fact that not many individuals are resolved to be strict the manner in which he sees religion. For instance, I have faith in God and my religion is catholic yet doesnt mean I cannot miss seven days of not going to church.I dont supplicate each day yet I do ask on the normal premise, which shows my strict perspectives are unique in relation to Edwards. In contrast to Edwards, Thomas Jefferson didn't accept that Jesus was God. Likewise, he didnt accept that Mary was bringing forth Jesus. He was professed to be a genuine Christian since he kept up to follow Jesus extraordinary messages were acceptable deeds. Jefferson strict perspectives are with confidence since his perspectives were uncertain about God yet at the same time look after expectation. As or myself, I put stock in certain Edwards strict perspectives however I dont concur with each explanation that is attempting to get across.Question 3 Finally, Equation was carrying on with an intense life from the beginning. Its difficult to accept that at youngster like him was hijacked and offered to slave merchants. He additionally had travel a great deal of spots including England, Holland, Scotland, Gibraltar, Nova Scotia, and the Caribbean Just name a couple. In 1763, Robert ruler buy Equation to serve him as an assistant. It stuns me when I discover that he make sense of an approach to bring in his cash in approaches to acquire opportunity some way or another. Condition was a functioning youngster when it comes clearing to work and furthermore having go to class. Condition life was possessed by aces that claimed him as a slave who made life harder for him and his Family. My own response towards experts that possessed slaves is the reason you would treat someone that honest of embarrassing his life as he was criminal Just due to his skin shading? It stuns me to discover that he attempted to flee and afterward on was catch. This person showed at least a bit of kindness of lion of confronting individual battles against prejudice and great to discover that he became Englands driving speaker for blacks and abrogation bondage before he died.

Theories on Stages of Sleep

Speculations on Stages of Sleep Paul Stolt Jr In our course reading it says that, â€Å"REM rest makes up the staying 20 percent of your rest time. It is articulated â€Å"rem† and represents fast eye development rest in light of the fact that your eyes move quickly to and fro behind shut lids† (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014, p. 153). The cerebrum waves that are available in REM rest are beta waves, which is a similar kind that are available when an individual is conscious. Additionally, during this stage, the body is alert, however the muscles are deadened, therefore forbidding development during this time. The REM rest stage is the one that the way toward having dreams happens in. As indicated by our content, an individual goes through the REM rest stage around five or six times each night. The interims in the middle of these stages are around thirty minutes to 90 minutes in length. The vast majority are in the REM rest stage for about 30 minutes to forty-five minutes, before they enter the NREM, or Non REM, rest st age. An individual’s pulse and circulatory strain are regularly higher in REM, showing a more alarm state in this phase than in the non REM stage. Imaginative reasoning procedures are increasingly present during REM rest, likely because of an absence of action in the territories of the mind that are liable for basic reasoning. Understudies need REM stay in bed request to move the information that they have put away for the duration of the day in momentary memory, into long haul memory. This stage assists with advancing the encoding procedure, which is liable for the exchange. When the data is encoded during the REM stage, it gets simpler to review sometime in the not too distant future for tests and tests. There is a sign in the human body of the requirement for REM rest, in such a case that somebody has not invested enough energy in this stage the earlier night, the body will remunerate by investing additional time in REM the next night. The Alpha stage happens directly before individuals float off to rest. During this stage, individuals begin to feel worn out and loose, frequently simply lying in bed with their eyes shut, and arbitrary considerations, for example, exercises of the earlier day, or the plans that they may have the next day, present in their musings. As per the course book, â€Å"Alpha waves have a low adequacy and high recurrence, (8 to 12 cycles for every second)† (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014, p. 152). After the alpha stage, Non REM Sleep, or NREM for short, happens. This stage is the place the vast majority burn through 80 percent of their time while resting. This sort of rest is partitioned into four phases, each stage being related with one of a kind mind wave designs and natural reactions (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014). In the primary phase of Non REM rest, there is a progress that happens from being wide wakeful and caution, to floating off to rest. This stage typically keeps going from arou nd one to seven minutes in length. The content says that this stage is â€Å"marked by the nearness of theta waves, which are lower in adequacy and lower in recurrence (4 to 7 cycles for every second) than alpha waves† (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014, p. 152). Next, the individual goes during that time phase of rest. In the subsequent stage, there are quickly happening times of what specialists call rest shafts. In this stage, physiological procedures, for example, breathing, a person’s internal heat level, and their pulse gradually diminishing, and they become more diligently to wake up. This stage is the thing that most scientists characterize as an individual being snoozing. Next, after about 30 minutes to forty five minutes of nodding off, the individual enters stages three and four of Non REM rest. Delta waves are available in stage three, and these are characterized as â€Å"large, slow mind waves, which means they have high abundancy and extremely low frequency† (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014, p. 152). As the individual proceeds onward to organize four in Non REM rest, they experience a huge increment within the sight of Delta waves. During this stage, natural procedures, for example, pulse, breathing, internal heat level, and the progression of blood to the mind are significant ly diminished, and the body secretes a substance called GH, or development hormone, which is liable for controlling the metabolic rate in the body, physical development in the body, and the improvement of the human cerebrum. After this stage, the individual goes back during that time and third phases of Non REM, and goes into the dreaming, or REM, phase of rest. The need of rest professionally creature can be clarified in two sensible manners. The first is that the body fixes and reestablishes itself while it is resting. In one hypothesis, the human cerebrum fixes and reestablishes itself while dozing. It has likewise been demonstrated that synthetic substances that are destructive to our framework are flushed out during the dozing procedure. Some examination has likewise proposed that the insusceptible framework is weakened as a result of lack of sleep (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2013). The second way that it tends to be clarified is the Conservation hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that the need to moderate vitality around evening time for mankind advanced the requirement for rest. As such, since it was dim out, and there was minimal light to have the option to see, that time was better spent resting as opposed to moving about. No doubt as an individual goes all through their lifetime, the requirement for rest is most prominent during the early years, and less as they get more seasoned. At the point when a newborn child is conceived, the normal time that they spend snoozing is around seventeen hours every day, with half of that time spent in REM rest. At that point, when they get somewhat more seasoned, for example, roughly around four years of age, they rest around ten hours per day, with around 25 to 30 percent of that time spent in REM rest. Somewhat later, around the high school years, the measure of rest that is required is around 9 hours of the night, with the pattern being later sleep times, and the young people getting up later during the day. Two or after three years, at around nineteen to twenty years old, the measure of rest required by the teenagers is around seven to eight hours out of each night, with 20% of that time spent in REM. As a grown-up arrives at the brilliant years, the measure of rest required is six and a half hours of the night, with around 20% being spent in REM rest. The content characterizes the circadian beat as a â€Å"biological clock that is hereditarily modified to direct physiological reactions inside a timeframe of twenty-four hours (Plotnik Kouyoudmjian, 2014, p. 150). The circadian clock is hereditarily set for around 24 hours 18 minutes. The clock is reset by the retinal cells, which act like sensors that let in daylight, and impart signs to the mind, resetting it by eighteen minutes every day. In any case, there are many issues related with the circadian clock by people who work 12 PM moves or need to fly as often as possible for their activity, accordingly getting a condition known as stream slack. To start with, let’s examine people that work the 12 PM move. These people conflict with the normal impulse of their circadian tickers, bringing about diminished execution of their psychological and engine abilities. Additionally, individuals who change moves a great deal, for example, working swing shift, cause a ton of physical w orry in their bodies and mental worry in their psyches. Furthermore, individuals with fly slack regularly experience issues with feeling tired constantly, trouble in having the option to focus on a specific assignment, and diminished capacity in their capacity to utilize legitimate reasoning, thinking, or recollecting. It takes individuals with fly slack about a day of great importance of distinction between time zones to recuperate. Nonetheless, there is trust. Charles Czeisler built up another treatment called light treatment in 1994. This treatment utilizes fake light to battle exhaustion in the two individuals who work the 12 PM move, and those with fly slack. Next I might want to discuss the impacts that lack of sleep has on people. Individuals with lack of sleep risk having disabled insusceptible frameworks, with the potential for expanded contaminations and sicknesses. They likewise experience expanded feelings of anxiety, raised circulatory strain, and an expanded develop of plaque in the veins, with a serious potential for respiratory failure or stroke. Different issues they experience incorporate the danger of heftiness and diabetes, trouble in perceiving words, and doing common math issues. They are progressively powerless to expanded fractiousness, and expanded trouble in settling on legitimate and sane choices. Terms and Concepts Perceptual Threshold - The perceptual edge is the littlest thing that can be seen, or perceived, by the human detects. Sensation A sensation is a moderately futile snippet of data, that outcomes when the cerebrum forms electrical signs that originate from the sense organs. Upgrade A boost is any difference in vitality in the earth, for example, light waves, sound waves, mechanical weight, or synthetic compounds. Structuralists are analysts who accepted that we include a great many sensations to frame a discernment. Gestalt Psychologists Gestalt analysts are clinicians that accept that our cerebrums adhere to general guidelines that indicate how singular components are to be sorted out into an important example, or discernment. Profundity Perception Depth Perception is the capacity of the eye and mind to include a third measurement called profundity to every single visual discernment, despite the fact that the pictures being anticipated may just be two dimensional in nature. Cognizance Consciousness depicts various degrees of attention to one’s musings and emotions. Organic Clock The natural clock is an inner planning gadget that is hereditarily set to direct different physiological reactions for various timeframes. Phases of Sleep Stages of rest allude to the particular changes in the electrical movement of the cerebrum, and going with physiological reactions to the body that occu

The European Union: Cross-National Variation in Public Support, 1993 :: European History Essays

The European Union: Cross-National Variation in Public Support, 1993 Presentation The European Union was built up in 1951 with the reception of the European Coal and Steel Community. A large number of its initial integrative arrangements were specialized in nature and got little consideration from the overall population. Thusly, a tolerant accord created permitting the tip top to seek after the standards set up by the European Union (EU) (Eichenberg and Dalton 1993, Gabel and Palmer 1995, Gabel 1998). In time, integrative approaches turned out to be progressively forceful in their degree and impact. With the selection of the Single European Act in 1985 and the Maastricht Treaty in 1991, the EU started managing issues relating to financial association, social approach, international strategy, and sacred change. General assessment turned out to be progressively significant as national governments started figuring strategies dependent on choices in Brussels, Strasbourg, and Luxembourg that influenced residential approaches (Gabel 1998, Anderson and Kaltenthaler 1996, Anderson and Reichert 1996, Gabel and Palmer 1995, Eichenberg and Dalton 1993). European mix was still to a great extent driven and progressed by the first class, yet it could no longer advance without the help of the mass open (Eichenberg and Dalton 1993). In Ireland, France, and Denmark, national open referenda required the approval of the Maastricht Treaty. At last open fights in France and Denmark on the Maastricht Treaty deferred and adjusted the institutional change of the EU. In 1994, Norway casted a ballot in a national submission to dismiss the EU out and out regardless of being allowed confirmation. In 1995 gatherings in Sweden crusading explicitly against European incorporation perceived critical additions. General assessment plainly impacts policymaking in the EU. Besides, the writing outlines that there is quantifiable cross-national variety out in the open help for the EU. It is important to comprehend what adds to these distinctions so as to encourage proceeding with combination. This paper develops the current writing clarifying cross-national fluctuations in help by inspecting financial soundness and political culture clarifications. Monetary Rationality For the greater part of its history, the EU has existed simply as a monetary square. Monetary discernment places that residents try to impact open approach by casting a ballot as indicated by their financial advantages with respect to universal financial strategy (Katzenstein 1998). A lot of existing writing recommends that financial reasonability clarifications are solid indicators of a country’s level of help for the EU. In particular, the writing has would in general inspect large scale and smaller scale financial, and immediate and circuitous monetary clarifications. Macroeconomic clarifications center around the national monetary markers of part states.

The SAT and zombies

The New York Times op-ed columnist Paul Krugman often talks about zombie ideas – ideas that are unsupported by any evidence but that continue to linger on in the mainstream, where they are kept alive by Very Serious People who should really know better, but who collectively choose to bury their heads in the sands because it suits their needs to do so. As far as the SAT is concerned, I would like to nominate two myths in particular for zombie status: 1) Arcane vocabulary As Ive pointed out countless times before (hey, someone has to  keep saying it), virtually all of the supposedly obscure vocabulary tested on the old SAT was in fact the type of  moderately sophisticated and relatively common language found in the  New York Times.   As  I’ve also pointed out before, this is a misconception that could be clearly rectified by anyone willing to simply look at a test, but alas, people who hold very strong convictions are wont to reject or ignore any evidence to the contrary. Call this Exhibit A for confirmation bias.   2) The guessing penalty To be clear, there is no automatic correlation between guessing and answering questions correct vs. incorrectly. A student can guess wildly and still get a question right, or answer with absolute certainty and get it wrong. In theory, it was possible to guess on every single question of the old SAT and still receive a perfect score; likewise, a student could conceivably answer every question confidently without getting a single one right. The quarter-point deduction for wrong answers  on the old SAT was designed as a counterbalance to prevent  students from receiving scores that did not reflect their knowledge, and to prevent strategic guessers from exploiting the structure of the test to artificially inflate their scores (as can now be done on both the new SAT and the ACT). More than any other ideas, though, at least one of these two seems to make an appearance  in virtually every article discussing the SAT, regardless of how valid the other points are. For example, in  a  recent  discussion  of this years slight drop  in SAT scores (old test), Nick Anderson of The  Washington Post  states that  The College Board jettisoned much of the old test’s arcane vocabulary questions, dropped the penalty for guessing and made the essay optional – a sentence that remarkably contains  not just one but two SAT words!   And in her otherwise excellent Reuters article on the College Boards failure to ensure that SAT math questions conformed to the test specifications, Renee Dudley makes several references to the obscure vocabulary on the old test. Just for grins, I went through her article looking closely at the choice of vocabulary and found nearly a dozen SAT words (including some real faves like  prescient and  succinct). She also  alludes to the fact that The new test contains no penalty for guessing wrong, and the College Board encourages students to answer every question.   As I read Anderson and Dudleys articles, it occurred to me that  the inclusion  of these zombie ideas  has actually become  a sort of  rhetorical tic, one that anyone writing about the changes to the SAT is effectively obligated to mention.   Obviously, these references  involve  two of the biggest changes to the test and can hardly be avoided, but I think that something more than just that is going on here.   Consider, for example, what  isnt said: although it is sometimes stated that rSAT math problems are intended to have more of a real world basis,  the fact that geometry  has been almost entirely removed from the exam is almost never explicitly mentioned. In addition,  the kind of disparaging language used to describe SAT vocabulary is notably  absent when it comes to math. I have yet to encounter any piece of writing in which  geometry was dismissed an obscure subject that lacked any relevance to (cmon, say it with me) college and career readiness. Nor does one regularly read articles sympathetic to students who  whine that theyll never actually  use the Pythagorean Theorem for anything outside geometry class.    Why? Because depicting  a STEM subject  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  any STEM subject  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that way would be taboo, given the current climate. Even if the College Board has decided that geometry isnt one of the skills that matter most, the virtual elimination of that subject from the test is a matter that must be pussyfooted around.   On a related note, the arcane vs. relevant discussion  also plays to fears that students  will be insufficiently prepared to compete in the 21st century economy. The goal in emphasizing relevant vocabulary is to provide reassurance that the students won’t fall behind; that the College Board can now be trusted to ensure  they are prepared for the real world.   At the same time, this is  essentially a  rhetorical sleight of hand designed to disparage the humanities without appearing too obviously to do so – a euphemism for people who do not know what euphemisms are because, of course, such words have been deemed irrelevant, and why bother to learn things that aren’t relevant? The unspoken implication is that acquiring a genuinely rich, adult-level vocabulary is not really an important part of education; that it is possible to be prepared for college-level reading equipped with only middle school-level words; and that it is possible to develop â€Å"high level critical thinking skills† without having a commensurate level of vocabulary at one’s disposal. In short, that it is possible to be educated without being educated. That is of course not possible, but it provides a comforting fantasy. Call this the respectability politics of anti-intellectualism – a way of elevating ignorance to the level of knowledge by painting knowledge not as something overtly bad but as something merely irrelevant. That is a much subtler and more innocuous-sounding construction, and thus a far more insidious one. As for the â€Å"guessing penalty† myth†¦ This phrase is in part designed to reinforce a narrative of victimization. Its goal is to elicit pity for the poor, under-confident students whose scores did not reflect what they knew because they were just too intimidated to bring themselves to pick (C), even if they were almost sure it was the answer.   Framing things in terms of guesses rather than wrong answers makes it much easier to evoke sympathy for these students. After all, why should anyone – especially a member of an already oppressed group – be punished for guessing? The conflation of guessing and punishment also helps perpetuate a central American myth about education, namely that more confidence = higher achievement. By that logic, it is assumed that students (sometimes implicitly but often explicitly understood as female, underrepresented minority, and first/generation low-income) would perform better if only they knew they wouldn’t lose additional points for taking a risk. If these students felt more confident, so the argument goes, their scores would improve as well. In reality, however, there is often an inverse relationship between confidence and knowledge: if anything, the most confident students tend to be ones who least understand what they’re up against. (True story: the only student who ever told me he was going to answer every question right was scoring in the high 300s.) Helping these students feel more confident  does nothing to increase their knowledge and can actually cause them to overestimate their abilities. In fact, when students begin to acquire more knowledge and obtain a more realistic understanding of where they actually stand, it is common for their confidence to actually decrease. The really interesting part about the phrase â€Å"guessing penalty,† however, is that it can also be understood in another way – one that directly contradicts the way described above. An alternate, perhaps more charitable, interpretation of this phrase is that students were formerly penalized for guessing too much. Not realizing that they would lose an extra quarter-point for wrong answers, they would try answer every question, including ones they had no idea how to do, and lose many more points than was necessary. Understood this way, the term â€Å"guessing penalty† refers to the fact that the scoring system made it almost impossible for students to wild-guess their way to a high score. I suspect that this was the original meaning of the term. (As a side note, I can’t help but wonder: when people argued for the elimination of the quarter-point penalty, did they realize that they were actually arguing in favor of making the SAT easier to game?) According to this view, students who cannot afford tutors or classes to teach them â€Å"tricks† about which questions to skip cannot possibly compete with their more privileged peers. Here again, the obvious goal is to frame the issue in terms of equity. At this point, one might observe a contradiction: students on one hand were described as being so cowed by the thought of losing  ¼ of a point that they could not even bring themselves to guess, and yet they were on occasion also  presented as being so  oblivious to that penalty that they  tried to answer every question.   But back to the subject at hand. Another reason I suspect the socio-economic argument against the â€Å"guessing penalty† has so much traction is that it would seem to be backed up by commonsense reality. While plenty of students managed to figure out the benefits of skipping sans coaching, it is also true that a certain type of student could benefit significantly from some help in that department. Given two students with the same level of foundational knowledge, starting scores, and ability to integrate new information, the one with the tutor would typically be at an advantage. That’s pretty hard to dispute. Whether this particular type of help is inherently more problematic than other types of help – help that more privileged students will continue to receive, quarter-point penalty or no quarter-point penalty – is, however, subject to debate. Based on my experience, I would actually argue that in fact the quarter-point deduction made the old SAT an overall harder test to tutor than it would have been otherwise, and far less vulnerable to the kind of simple tricks and strategies that mid-range students can, to some extent, use on both the new SAT and the ACT. The reality is that teaching students to skip questions on the old SAT was not always such a straightforward process; in some cases, it was a downright nightmare. It was only really effective when students had a good sense of which questions they were likely to answer incorrectly – that is, when the only questions they consistently got wrong were the ones they had difficulty answering. Unfortunately, this was usually only the case for about the top 10-15% of students. In contrast, trying to help a student who was consistently both confident and wrong figure out which and how many questions to skip was often an exercise in futility. Because such students often didn’t know what they didn’t know, and had a corresponding tendency to overestimate their knowledge, there was no clear correlation between how they perceived themselves to be doing and how they were actually doing. This was most problematic on the reading section, where easy and hard questions were intermingled; there was no way to tell them, for example, to focus on the first twenty questions.   When students’ knowledge was really spotty, it was difficult to determine whether they should even be encouraged to skip more than a few questions on the entire test because there was absolutely no guarantee they’d get enough of the questions they did answer right to save their score from being a complete disaster. And it was also necessary  to be careful when discussing which question types to avoid because if students came across one such question phrased in an unfamiliar way, they might not recognize it as something to avoid.   As a tutor, I came to loathe those situations because they forced me to treat the test as a cheap guessing game, particularly if the students were short term. Eventually, I stopped tutoring people in that situation altogether because things were so hit-or-miss. Often, their scores did not improve at all, and sometimes they even declined. In addition, some students flat-out refused to even try skipping, regardless of how much I begged/pleaded with/cajoled them. I had students who repeatedly promised me they would try skipping some questions on their next practice test and then answered every question anyway, every time. I never even managed to figure out how many questions, if any, they should skip, and so I couldn’t advise them. At the opposite extreme, I had students who knew – knew – that they could skip at most one or two questions suddenly freak out on the real test and skip seven. The point here is that no matter how much tutoring they had received, and no matter how many thousands of dollars their parents had paid, the kids were the ones who ultimately had to self-assess in the moment and make the decisions about what they likely could and could not answer. Sometimes they stuck to the plan, and sometimes they panicked or got distracted by the kid sitting in front of them tapping his pencil and spontaneously threw out everything we’d discussed. No one could do it for them. And if their assessments were inaccurate and they messed up, their score inevitably took a real hit. The limits of tutoring were exposed in a very blatant way. One last point: On top of everything I’ve discussed so far, there is also the issue of which groups of students get compared in discussions about equity. When it comes to test-prep, there is a foundational level below which strategy-based tutoring is largely ineffective. If we’re talking about the most profoundly disadvantaged students, then it’s unlikely the kind of classes or tutoring that are generally blamed for the score gap would bring these students up to anywhere remotely close to the range of their middle-class peers. Yes, certain individual students might draw considerable benefit, but on the whole, the results would probably be quite small. The amount of intervention needed to truly close the gap would be staggering, and it would have to start long before eleventh grade. But that’s a deep systemic issue that goes far beyond the SAT, and thus it’s easier to simply make superficial changes to the test. I suspect – although I do not have any hard evidence to back this up  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that the effects of tutoring are felt most strongly somewhere in the middle: between say, the lower-middle class student and the upper-middle class student who attend similarly good schools, take similar classes, and have similar skills and motivation levels – students who stand to benefit more or less equally from tutoring. If the former cannot even afford to take a class while the latter meets with her $150/hr. private tutor twice a week for six months, there’s a pretty good chance the difference will show up in their scores. This is of course still a problem, but it’s a somewhat different problem than the one that usually gets discussed. Moreover, the elimination of the wrong-answer  penalty will give privileged mid-range students an even larger advantage. Yes, students who do not have access to coaching can now guess randomly without worrying about losing additional points, but students who do have access to coaching can be taught to guess strategically, filling in entire sections with the same letter to guarantee a certain number of points while spending time on the questions they’re most likely to answer correctly. This is particularly true on the reading section. Because there are fewer question types, and the passages are not divided up over multiple sections, students on the lower end of average who have modest goals can be more easily taught to identify what to spend time on and what to skip than was the case before. The result is that the achievement gap is unlikely to disappear anytime soon, regardless of the College Board’s machinations.

Apple s Vision Statement And Mission Statement - 1360 Words

Apple Strategic Plan Leslie D. Wilkes Bethel University MOD 440 Essentials of Strategic Management Mrs. Payne June 5, 2017 Abstract Apple’s vision statement and mission statement are bases of the company’s success as one of the most valuable companies in the world. Apple value proposition is determined in part by the level of engagement consumers can achieve with their device both in terms of frequency of use and the range of features and services they access. Apple’s competitive advantage is it brand. Apple is the world’s most valuable brand valued at $151B. It grew 6% last year. Apple has fans. Millions of people will buy whatever Apple sells and Apple’s strategic plan has evolved because whenever you hear the†¦show more content†¦Apple, Amazon and Samsung are the top 3 brands in the US market, owning 43%, 24% and 11% of the installed base respectively. Looking at these brands, it is clear that iPad users are the most engaged with 32% of users saying they use their iPad constantly throughout the day and 42% saying they use it at least once a day. iPad users are also t hose that use the widest range of apps and services available on the device. When talking about Apple s iPad users being more engaged, other short-term web traffic studies have shown that the iPad actually holds more than 75% of tablet web traffic in Canada and the US. That s value in action. It s obvious that cheap tablets aren t really doing anything to engage users to get on the net and use their tablets more. It s really showing us that most of the iPad alternatives are just being used as book readers. Apple’s competitive advantage is it brand. According to Forbes, Apple is the World’s most valuable brand valued at $151B. It grew 6% last year. Apple has fans. Millions of people will buy whatever Apple sells. A bigger phone, that’s great innovation, they’ll buy it. A smaller phone, genius, sold. A knack for simplicity Apple has a brand for simplicity, making complex things simple. Before the iPhone, smartphones were complicated. Before the iPod buying digital music was a mess. Before the iPad tablets were cumbersome. Part of their secret sauce is integration. AppleShow MoreRelatedApple s Mission And Vision Statement1197 Words   |  5 Pagesdistinguishes a leader from a follower†- Steve jobs. Apple created by Steve Jobs is a company based in the United States that creates, sells electronics such as phones and tablets. Since the creation of Apple in 1976 it has become a multinational billion-dollar company and one of the world’s most valuable brands according to USA Today. Apple’s sales are close to 80 billion dollars a year and it poses the question why is Apple successful? Apple is successful due to high quality, great marketing strategyRead MoreInternal Environment Of Apple Inc. 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Hate Speech Essay - 1246 Words

Hatespeech Hate Speech and the People who use it Hate speech; is this the type of speech that the First Amendment protects? Should this type of speech be defended? If this type of speech is censored on college campuses, have the students lost their right to the First Amendment? What kind of damage does hate speech cause physical and emotional? Who does hate speech affect? Is hate speech protected by the first amendment? According to Charles R. Lawrence III, it is not. â€Å"When racist speech takes the form of face-to-face insults, catcalls, or other assaultive speech aimed at an individual or small group of persons, it falls directly within the â€Å"fighting words† exception to First Amendment protection.†(Goshgarian 382) As I†¦show more content†¦According to Nat Hentoff, if we allow censorship on the college campuses the rights of the students have been taken away. Hentoff gives us examples of colleges that have censorship on campus but these campuses have taken the extremist route. They do not allow the teachers to teach the students what hate speech is and what they can do to protect themselves. I believe that censorship of hate speech is necessary to a certain extent, for example hate speech that is violent toward others should be censored because if it is not that we are denying the students that the hate speech is directed toward an equal opportunity to an education. If the students are afraid to go to school that what good is school? What kind of damage does hate speech cause physical and emotional? The physical damage is very apparent when the hate speech turns into the hate crime. When a cross is burned in someone front yard, or when walking down a street a person is assaulted because he/she is from a different race, religion, gender, or because of their sexual preference. The emotional damage that is inflicted upon a person of a hate speech is very harmful. â€Å"Some of these students came to college as a means of escaping a life dominated by race-based discrimination but found an environment more hostile than they had expected.† (Marcus 147). If our students do not feel safe while at school they will not attend school, if the number of educated people go down at aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hate Speech1729 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is a comparative analysis of hate speech laws between Japan and the United States. I will analyze hate rhetoric stemming from the years 1980-to present day. Today s political climate has generated a rebirth of hate speech in both countries. Hate speech is a concern for those who believe in the right to free speech and expression. I will outline the historical background that expands on the usage of technology that incites hateful rhetoric towards targeted groups residing within theseRead MoreHate Speech769 Words   |  4 PagesHate Speech, Should it be Regulated? Hate speech, what is it? The definition of hate speech, according to Mari J. Matsuda, author of Assaultive Speech and Academic Freedom, is Â…(a word of group of words) of which is to wound and degrade by asserting the inherent inferiority of a group (151). In my own words hate speech is a humiliation and demeaning slur of words specifically used to disgrace a person for their race, religion, or sexual habits. There is now a controversy if hate speech shouldRead More It’s Time to Limit Restrict Hate Speech Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s Time to Limit Restrict Hate Speech Free speech is the backbone that holds democracy together.   Without a free speech, ideas would not be challenged, governments would not be kept in check, and citizens would not be free.   John Stuart Mill said once that, â€Å"If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person then he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.†( RoleffRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech : Hate Speech1187 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction to the Marketplace of Ideas Freedom of speech, along with the freedom of the press, have both become the two most important rights for each American citizen to defend. The First Amendment defends five of the following freedoms: the freedom of religion, the freedom of assembly, the freedom of the press, the freedom of petition, and the freedom of speech (First Amendment Center). All of these freedoms are equally important. However, even when people in a democratic society better acknowledgeRead MoreEssay On Hate Speech1784 Words   |  8 Pages including virtually unrestricted information flow, unlimited communication possibilities, anonymity, and free speech. Unfortunately, such an open concept of the World Wide Web leaves it open to a wide range of exploitation; namely, in the era of social media platforms, created specifically to facilitate conversation among the users, one of the most common forms of abuse is hate speech. Due to the complexity of the term itself and many legal and practical issues, regulati ng such content online isRead MoreFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure outRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hate Speech1612 Words   |  7 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on w ho interprets the expression can vary howRead MorePros And Cons Of Hate Speech1416 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s society the matter of Freedom of Speech is being questioned. The use of â€Å"Hate Speech† is being used to identify words and actions that often target ethnic and racial groups, those with gender related differences, and the beliefs of others in general. Is it acceptable to express ones ideas and actions if it brings about distention among a nation? Should it be acceptable to destroy symbolic icons on which American history was founded? Is it permissible to single out individuals withRead MoreThe Constitutionality of Hate Speech Essay3494 Words   |  14 PagesIn order to reduce the astonishing number of hate crimes in the United States, the Federal Government should restrict hate speech, and the expressions of hateful ideas, in all its forms, in all places, both public and private. However, it is imperative that hate speech be defined first. Con trary to some opinions, it is possible to accurately define hate speech, because hate speech does not actually have many elusive forms. Hate speech includes fighting words as defined in Chaplinsky vs. New HampshireRead MoreFree Speech And Hate Speech1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween hate and free speech is, and what the first amendment does to control them both. The first amendment states that congress shall make no law that abridges the freedom of speech. But to what extent should language be protected? The rights of one man should reach until they shadow over another’s. Meaning free speech is protected until it violates the rights of another. Hate speech is the line where free speech becomes unconstitutional. The contrast between free speech and hate speech is a heavily

Poker free essay sample

Glancing down, I lifted the corners of the two cards and looked at them. Shifting my attention to the two remaining players at the table, who at any other event would be my closest friends, I decided to play the hand. I already had the chip lead, and I couldn’t pass up the chance to win $25. The first three community cards (known as the flop) were dealt: ace of diamonds, seven of clubs, king of clubs. Each player before me bet, and I called. The fourth card, called the turn, was dealt: jack of clubs. I glanced at my opponents as they bet. One of them probably had a flush (five cards of the same suit), but I still couldn’t resist the chance to win and I called. The fifth and final card (called the river) was then dealt: ace of spades. My heart began to race. I went all-in and both my opponents called. We will write a custom essay sample on Poker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One had three aces, the other had a flush. My eyes lit up as I flipped over my cards. I was holding an ace of hearts and jack of spades. Three aces and two jacks, a full house beat both my opponent’s hands. I was speechless my big risk had paid off. Before I started playing poker with friends, I was very shy. I wouldn’t assert myself or take any risks. I’d sit back and pray things happened as I wanted. And then along came the game of chance, the game of luck the game of risks. After countless nights with old friends and new opponents, I began to realize that poker is not just a game. With every hand dealt, I found myself comparing my life to this â€Å"game.† The first few hands of a poker game are always slow. There’s usually not much betting; players just sit back and watch their opponents. They let a playable hand come to them, rather than looking for one. That’s how my life seemed before I sat down at a makeshift poker table in my friend’s basement. As the game progresses, the players begin to play more hands. You see people bluffing (betting with nothing much) and raising insane amounts of money just to try to scare off other players. And, you see people taking more risks. This â€Å"middle stage† of the game, where the action finally starts, is where my life is now. I’ve become more straightforward and have started to take control of my life. These days, I find myself making more of an effort to get the hand I’ve been dealt to produce a reward, rather than wait for a hand I know will benefit me. Then, once more and more players find themselves out of chips and on the outside of the game looking at the final two or three players, the real action happens. As a player, this final stage is where you want to be. You have to decide whether to risk it all or wait for another hand. In poker, taking that one risk could make you the happiest person at the table, or make you second-guess yourself for the rest of the night. It is what a player lives for. Getting the opportunity to take my life to the final stage of the game, and take the chance on a hand that might pay off, is what I’m playing for.